Epheaim s



(No Model.)

B. S. JOHNSON.

PEN; No. 302.257. Patented July 22, 1884.

UNITED *STAT s PATENT OFFICE.

EPHRAIM S. JOHNSON, OF JERSEY OITY, NEW JERSEY.

PEN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 302,257, dated July 22, 1884.

Application filed June 3, 1884. (No modeLi graduating the elasticity of the nib of a pen without changing'the thickness of the metal sheet composing the nib. Heretofore the elasticity has been graduated by grinding away and reducing the thickness of the sheet. In

steel pens said grinding is upon the outer side.

In gold pens it is commonly upon the inner side, and is at best an inefficient and obj ectionable method. I propose to grade the elasticity by punching out and removing parts of the metal of the nib, so that without reducing the thickness the quantity of metal is reduced, and there is incidentally obtained better capillary cohesion of the ,fiuid ink and more intimate connection between the body of ink beneath the pen with the film on the back of the same, and thereby a larger quantity of ink may be retained by the pen and a better and more uniform fiow from the pen to the paper. The pen so made is peculiarly adapted for use with fountain-holders, because of the great capillary power.

That others may fully understand my invention, I will particularly describe it, having reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein Figure l is a perspective view of my pen enlarged. Figs. 2 and 3 show modifications of arrangement of the perforations.

The pen is made from a sheet of metal, and this can always be rolled, approximately, of the same thicknessland density, and therefore in making pens of various grades it will not be necessary to provide a corresponding variety in stock. The exterior form of the pen may be such as is preferred. I make the body a solid, as usual, and slit the nib b, as heretofore; but instead of reducing the thickness of the metal, as heretofore, I reduce the quantity of it by punching out and removing portions, as at c 0. lines or groups, as may be necessary or desirable to produce the desired elasticity, and may vary in form as fancy may direct. The arrangement of the holes to produce any particular effect bf elasticity may be. determined by experiment and experience; but the general effect of modifying elasticity in the way described is not uncertain.

I am aware that holes of Various forms and in various arrangements have been made in the bodies of pens heretofore; but such holes have always been in connection with and prolongations of slits running in from the edge, and without power to modify the elasticity; or they have been put in the pen for ornamental purposes, and in positions where they could not modify the elasticity of the nib. There- These holes 0 0 may be disposed in fore no pen has been heretofore made with graded elasticity produced by orifices grouped and disposed in a way adapted to regulate and modify the elasticity of the nib.

Having described my improvement, I claim as new- I 1. A pen provided with holes a c in the nib b, arranged in lines or groups adapted to modify the elasticity of said nib, as set forth.

2. A pen, a I), provided with holes 0 c in the nib, arranged in lines or groups independent of the nib-slits, whereby the elasticity of the pen may be graded and its capillary power augmented, as setforth.

EPHRAIM S. JOHNSON.

\Vitnesses:

GEO. R. CARRINGTON, D. W. J OHNSON. 

